BIXA ORELLANA

Common name: Lipstick tree, Annatto, Arnatto • Hindi: लटकन Latkan • Manipuri: উৰৈৰোম Ureirom •Kannada: Rangamali • Tamil: Sappiravirai • Oriya: Lotkons • Bengali: Latkan • Malayalam: Kurannumannal • Marathi: सेंदरी Sendri • Gujarati: सिंदूरी Sinduri • Assamese: Jolandhar

Botanical name: Bixa orellana   

Family: Bixaceae (Annatto family)

Introduction This plant stands alone in its family; a profusely fruiting shrub, reaching 6 - 20 feet tall and age up to about 50 years. Annato has large 5-15 cm long, 4-11 cm wide, pointed leaves. Flowers occur in vertical upright clusters, which prominently appear above the foliage. Flowers are showy, white or pink, nearly 5 cm broad, with five petals and a dense mass of stamens in the center. The petals often tend to curl up. Fruit is 2-valved, ovoid, red, spiny, 2.5-5 cm long; seeds many, ovate, with a scarlet covering. Although a native of West Indies, lipstic tree has been cultivated in India for many centuries for the yellow-orange dye obtained from its seeds, which is still used as a safe coloring agent for foods. Approximately 50 seeds grow inside of the pod. Depending on the color of the flowers, the seedpod is either green or red; the seeds have the same coating in both. These seeds are processed to obtain the orange-yellow pigments, bixin and norbixin (caratenoids), as dye for the food, cosmetic and soap industries. This dye is used to color the cheddar cheese and is also used for the coloring of rice. The used part is the dried pulp of the fruit. Lipstick tree is native to tropical America, but widely cultivated throughout the tropical world, since long back. Flowering: October-December.Species Type : Shrub

Chemical composition: Seeds contain haemagglutinin, abrin, abrine and abarnin, while tuberous roots contain precol, abrol and alkaloids abraime, precasine and glycyrrhizin.

Therapeutic uses: Seeds are purgative, emetic, tonic and aphrodisiac. Tuberous roots are emetic, alexiteric. While the leaves are demulcent and unguent.

Folk medicinal uses: The leaf juice is given for the cure of sore throat, dry cough and ardous urine; the leaf juice is also a good blood purifier. Decoction of the leaves is also used in abortion.

The seeds are eaten by women to prevent conception. One to three gms of the powdered seeds boiled with milk are a powerful tonic and have an aphrodisiacal action. A preserve of the decorticated powdered seeds is used as an anthelmintic.

Flowers : August-September